以協作治理探討泥岩惡地地質公園之推動
URL: https://thesis.lib.ncku.edu.tw/thesis/detail/76469832beb28e3e5bd86abe49c265e7/?seq=15
在自然保護區的規劃及管理上,透過公眾的參與和支持,可以強化自然保育及管理層面在面對新環境挑戰的應變能力,並促進在地環境的永續發展。「台灣地質公園網絡」也於2011年成立,作為一種彈性的自然保護管理概念,其強調四大核心概念;地景保育、環境教育、地景旅遊及社區參與,透過在地社群與居民產生地景保育的力量,進而改善地方經濟,促成永續的社會與環境發展。目前臺灣南部的惡地地形地區正在推動「泥岩惡地地質公園」,透過地質公園網絡會議、課程、研習及座談會等機制推廣與深化地質公園的概念,另外也結合觀光旅遊促進在地社區參與。
協作治理的概念廣泛被應用在解決環境管理衝突以及地方發展策略,地質公園的規劃概念與協作治理同樣都強調多方參與、溝通過程以達到共同最大效益,本研究從協作治理的角度探討地質公園推動過程中的權益關係人參與協作的機會與限制,在研究架構上以學者Ansell與Gash (2008)提出的協作治理模型為基礎,選取在社區參與具代表性之泥岩惡地地質公園,作為為個案研究對象,透過文本分析、直接參與、直接觀察、深度訪談等方法,來理解該地質公園推動過程中之協作背景、協作過程、制度設計與促進引導,藉以來檢視該地質公園目前推動成果,以及參與過程中的動態變化。
本研究中發現,在協作背景上,泥岩惡地的自然環境限制,產生地方發展不均衡的區域歷史脈絡;加上聚落因地形分佈分散,地方組織多為獨立運作,缺乏合作經驗。但「地質公園」概念的出現,提供可預期的經濟效益以及環境保護之作用,形成在地權益關係人參與規劃地質公園的動機。在協作過程上,泥岩惡地地質公園的推動過程初期,透過地方政府、地質公園學術輔導團隊、規劃專業顧問之協助,以訪談、座談會、工作坊、地質公園網絡會議等方式,來了解在地社區需求、串聯泥岩惡地的地方團體、促進對話及共識凝聚;在推動過程的中後期,透過工作小組之成立,來確立推動成員的權責,並促進工作計畫之討論。在制度設計面,台灣地質公園網絡的多元參與模式,搭配學者及規劃專業者的促進引導,成為泥岩惡地權益關係人持續參與及協作的驅動力。
在目前的推動成果中,因位處相同自然地質環境所面臨的共同機會與挑戰,增加地方社群對於泥岩惡地地質公園的認同感,加上學術輔導團隊、規劃顧問公司以及公部門之協力,培養在地社群的高度意願及動能,共同參與地質公園的規劃及推動。但因地理範圍幅員較大,權益關係人較多,參與組織屬性類似,故在促進領導上,現階段仍須仰賴學者、規劃團隊、公部門的介入,來促進橫向之溝通;而權益關係人之間的差異與參與的動機,亦影響了協作的參與程度,形成目前地質公園在推動上的挑戰。泥岩惡地地質公園之實踐,除了地質公園申請公告外,後續之管理維護,更需仰賴地方社群組織之協力來共同守護,建議未來可以小型的工作群組整合為主,並持續透過公部門及專家等外部力量來促進合作,以行動來建立信任、形成承諾與共同理解,透過階段性成果與合作經驗,來持續促進跨組織之協力。本研究藉由泥岩惡地地質公園,透過協作理論檢視地質公園在實踐社區參與自然保育的機會與挑戰,作為未來其他地質公園劃設的建議與借鏡。
The concept of collaborative governance has been widely applied to conflict resolution and community development strategies in environmental management. As a concept involving flexible nature conservation management, geoparks have four core concepts: landscape conservation, environmental education, landscape tourism, and community engagement. The goal is to tap into community groups and residents as a landscape conservation force to improve the local socioeconomics and to promote sustainable social and environmental development. Coming from the angle of collaborative governance, the current study attempts to examine the opportunities and constraints for stakeholders to participate in the promotion of a geopark. The research framework is based on the collaborative governance model proposed by Ansell and Gash (2008). This case study investigated the process of promoting Mudstone Badlands Geopark located in southern Taiwan. Using text analysis, direct observation, direct participation, and in-depth interviews, the study examined the current outcomes of the geopark’s promotion and the dynamics of the process by targeting the four parts of the promotion process: collaboration context, system planning, leadership development, and collaboration process. This study found that in the context of collaboration, the natural environmental constraints of mudstone badlands have created a regional historical context of uneven local development. Also, because the villages are scattered, local organizations mostly operated independently and lacked experience in collaboration. However, the emergence of the concept of “geopark” has brought about foreseeable economic benefits and created the role of “environment protector” for the communities. This has motivated local stakeholders to participate in the planning of the geopark. In terms of the collaborative process, in the early stage of promoting Mudstone Badlands Geopark, the goal was to understand the needs of local communities, connect local groups in the mudstone badlands, and promote dialogues and consensus. These were achieved by conducting seminars, workshops, geopark network meetings, group messages, etc., with the assistance of local government, the academic coaching team, and professional planning consultants.
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Last updated | May 4, 2022 |
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Created | May 4, 2022 |
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License | CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 |